As early as 1460 he had painted the three large canvases of
Hercules
for Lorenzo de'Medici, now no longer existing, but probably reflected in the two
small panels of the same subject in the Uffizi. These alone are enough to mark
him as one of the greatest artists of his time. The magnificent
David, at
Berlin, soon followed, and the little
Daphne and Apollo in our National
Gallery. These were all accomplished unaided, but a little later he worked in
concert with his brother Piero,
still life oil paintings, to whom we are told to attribute parts of the
painting of the
large
S. Sebastian in the National Gallery, painted in 1475 for Antonio
Pucci, from whose descendant it was purchased. "For the chapel of the Pucci in
the church of San Sebastian," says Vasari, "Antonio painted the altar-piece—a
remarkable and wonderfully executed work with numerous horses, many nude
figures, and singularly beautiful foreshortenings. Also the portrait of S.
Sebastian taken from life, that is to say,
modern oil paintings of flowers, from Gino di Ludovico Capponi. This
picture has been more extolled than any by Antonio. He has evidently copied
nature to the utmost of his power, as we see more especially in one of the
archers, who, bending towards the ground, and resting his bow against his
breast, is employing all his force to prepare it for action; the veins are
swelling, the muscles strained, and the man holds his breath as he applies all
his strength to the effort. All the other figures in the diversity of their
attitudes clearly prove the artist's ability and the labour he has bestowed on
the work."
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It is in his superb rendering of the figure, especially in the nude, that
Antonio Pollaiuolo marks a decisive step in the progress of painting, and is
entitled to be regarded as "the first modern artist to master expression of the
human form, its spirit, and its action." But for him we should miss much of the
strength and vigour that distinguishes the real from the false Botticelli.
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"In the same time with the illustrious Lorenzo de Medici, the elder," Vasari
writes, "which was truly an age of gold for men of talent, there flourished a
certain Alessandro, called after our custom Sandro, and further named di
Botticello, for a reason which we shall presently see. His father, Mariano
Filipepi, a Florentine citizen, brought him up with care; but although the boy
readily acquired whatever he had a mind to learn,
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PLATE III.—SANDRO BOTTICELLI
PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG
MAN
National Gallery, London
yet he was always discontented, nor would he take any pleasure
in reading, writing, or accounts; so that his father turned him over in despair
to a friend of his called Botticello, who was a goldsmith. oil paintings of nature
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